(2006) is based on the following rules, starting with the safest levels. The traffic light system of Bommer et al.
Only when the parts are lifted upward above the vapor zone, into a cooler environment where there is a temperature and solvent concentration difference between the parts (and the basket) can drying commence. In the vapor zone there is no driving force to evaporate solvent – because the driving force is a concentration difference, and there isn’t any either.
Depending on their criticality, abnormal events can be classified into different categories ( Pariyani, Seider, Oktem, & Soroush, 2010). As a result, vast amounts of near miss data can be extracted from alarm activations for dynamic risk analyses. Accidents are typically preceded by several near misses, as the latter are higher-probability, lower-consequence events. When an abnormal event is stopped and the variable returns to its green-belt zone, this is considered a process near miss event (which is simply referred to as a near miss in this chapter). Of course, the layers of protection in place are usually successful, and therefore, the vast majority of abnormal events are arrested before accidents occur. The costs of unplanned shutdowns-which happen infrequently, but not rarely-are also quite significant. The accidents are rare, high-consequence (e.g., significant human health, environmental, and/or economic impact) events. Chemical Engineering Progress, 109, 20–27. Improve process safety with near-miss analysis. An abnormal event occurs when the variable moves outside of the green-belt zone. A control chart for a primary process variable ( P).